The concentrations of isometamidium circulating in poorly nourished Zebu cattle which showed morbidity, mortality, and biochemical and histopathological evidence of hepatotoxicity, following frequent treatments with isometamidium chloride and diminazene aceturate were investigated using the isometamidium‐ELISA. The susceptibility of seven isolates against isometamidium chloride, diminazene aceturate and homidium chloride was tested in mice using a multiple-dose test. The …
Isometamidium chloride 6 1 Pentamidine 5 5 Diminazene aceturate 2 1 Ethidiumbromide 2 1 T. equiperdum (2 x 107 cells per ml) in RPMI1640 medium/1% BSAweretreated(30min;37°C)withtheindicated drugs(0.001-100,uM) and lysed with SDS.
For each of the seven isolates, five different doses varying between 0.01-20 mg/kg body weight for isometamidium chloride, 0.01-10 mg/kg body weight for homidium chloride and 1-30 mg/kg body weight for diminazene aceturate were used. The control of trypanosomosis in Ethiopia relies on either curative or prophylactic treatment of animals with diminazene aceturate (DA) or isometamidium chloride (ISMM). PubMed PMID: 16562737. Acta Tropica, 49(1991)201-213 201 Elsevier ACTROP 00149 The effect of diminazene aceturate and isometamidium chloride on cultured procyclic forms of susceptible and drug-resistant Trypanosoma congolense I.E. Isometamidium chloride and diminazene aceturate were used by 53.49 and 46.52 % of the responders, respectively.
Boran cattle were used in the drug-sensitivity tests and were infected using Glossina morsitans centralis.
Two isolates were susceptible to both diminazene aceturate and isometamidium chloride. The drugs tested were diminazene aceturate (Berenil), suramin (Naganol), MelCy (Cymelarsan), quinapyramine sulfate (Trypacide) and isometamidium chloride (Samorin). Two isolates were susceptible to both diminazene aceturate and isometamidium chloride.
In four of the seven isolates high levels of drug resistance to diminazene aceturate and isometamidium chloride were detected. For the control of African bovine trypanosomosis the only drugs currently in use are diminazene aceturate, homidium salts and isometamidium chloride, and all have been in use for 35 years or more. One of those was highly susceptible to isometamidium chloride even at the lowest dose rate. Two resultant cloned populations (one per isolate) were then characterised in mice for their sensitivities to diminazene aceturate, isometamidium chloride and homidium chloride as described by Peregrine et al. DISCUSSION The results show that a considerable proportion of the studied trypanosomes resisted the therapeutic activities of diminazene aceturate and isometamidium chloride.
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